For proccing, the Ice Crystal uses hyperbolic scaling:
The ice cube has a b/a ratio of 10, which means it scales like this:

Note: when it says 9.1% (1) that means for 1 copy of the item there is a 9.1% chance of proccing
Freeze duration scales linearly but is capped at 6 seconds.
The first copy freezes enemies for 2.5 seconds, and each additional copy adds +0.1 seconds until you reach the cap at 35 Ice Crystals:
$$
\text{freezeTime}(n) = \min\!\bigl(6,\; 2.5 + 0.1n\bigr)
$$
IT can freeze for longer if your duration multiplier is higher than 1.0x.